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We measure and report our GHG emissions in line with international standards and we support and participate in the Kazakhstan carbon trading scheme.
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Scope 1 | 619 | 605 |
| Scope 2 | 2,221 | 2,120 |
| Total | 2,840 | 2,725 |
| Copper production | 403 | 380 |
| CO2 per unit of copper produced | 7.0 | 7.2 |
| CO2 per unit of ore processed | 0.031 | 0.031 |
| Ore processed | 90,860 | 86,956 |
Absolute GHG emissions increased by 4% in 2023 to 2,840 kt (2022: 2,725 kt), with consumption of diesel and electricity rising as the Group extracted more rock and processed greater volumes of ore, resulting in increases of 2% and 5% for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions respectively. GHG emissions are calculated using emissions factors in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol.
The CO2-equivalent (‘CO2-e’) emitted per unit of sulphide ore processed remained unchanged in 2023 at 0.031 tonnes (2022: 0.031) as the 4% increase in ore throughput in the year offset the rise in absolute emissions. The increase in copper output, driven by the higher volumes of ore processed and an increase in the average copper recovery rate, resulted in a minor reduction in the CO2-e emitted per unit of copper produced to 7.0 tonnes (2022: 7.2 tonnes).
Scope 1 emissions primarily relate to mining activities at Aktogay and Bozshakol, as well as heat consumption in East Region. Increased diesel consumption in the mining fleet was the primary driver of the increase in Scope 1 emissions in 2023. Scope 2 emissions arise from the Group’s purchase of electrical power from third party suppliers.
| 2023 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| CO2 emissions (t per $ million revenue) | 659 | 717 |
| Revenue ($million) | 4,308 | 3,802 |
| Total CO2 emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2, kt) | 2,840 | 2,725 |
The Group’s CO2-equivalent intensity by revenue in 2023, as measured by the Carbon Disclosure Project (tonnes of CO2-e per $1 million revenues), was 8% lower at 659 tonnes (2022: 717 tonnes). The 4% increase in total emissions, driven by the increase in ore processed across the Group, was more than offset by a 13% increase in revenues as the Group sold finished goods inventories which had been carried forward from 2022.
The Group is committed to minimising the CO2-equivalent intensity of its operations in line with its Environmental Policy. The HSS Committee is responsible for monitoring the CO2-equivalent intensity of the Group’s operations. The General Directors of the Group’s operations are responsible for implementing efficiency initiatives to minimise energy consumption at a site level.
In recent years, reductions in CO2-equivalent intensity have been achieved through the transition towards open pit mining using modern mining techniques.
In the longer term, the Group will seek to increase the use of renewable energy sources where possible and in 2023 the Group made an investment into a portfolio of small operating and planned hydro power stations in Kazakhstan. The Government of Kazakhstan, where the majority of the Group’s assets are located, has adopted The Strategy on Achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2060. Renewable energy sources are planned to make up an increasing proportion of electricity generation over this period and coal-fired power capacity is expected to be phased out.